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--- hardware:dataplay [2026/09/25 01:06] – added reference hbm
+++ hardware:dataplay [2026/10/18 17:27] (current) – added images hbm
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 ====== DataPlay ======
-One of the smallest commercial examples of [[extras:glossary#disc-based_enclosed_media_dbem|Disc-Based Enclosed Media (DBEM)]] is the DataPlay disk.  Introduced in 2002 by DataPlay, Inc. (Later DPHM, inc.), DataPlay disks were intended to compete with the budding flash-based memory card market by offering a large capacity (250 MB per side, 500 MB per disk) in a small form-factor.
+{{ :hardware:dataplay:dataplay-disk_red_obverse-open.jpg?400|}}
-Their proprietary file system — //DataPlay File System (DFS)// — and support for DRM helped them gain initial interest in the portable music industry, but the prevalence of CDs and the recent release of portable MP3 players made this a tough market to enter.
+The smallest commercial example of [[extras:glossary#disc-based_enclosed_media_dbem|Disc-Based Enclosed Media (DBEM)]] is the DataPlay disk. Introduced in 2002 by DataPlay, Inc., DataPlay disks were intended to compete with the budding flash-based memory card market by offering a large capacity (250 MB per side, 500 MB per disk) on a 32 mm disc.
+Their built-in DRM support and ability to ship with pre-recorded data helped them gain initial interest in the portable music industry, but the prevalence of CDs and the recent release of portable MP3 players made this a difficult market to enter.
 ===== History =====
-DataPlay Inc. was founded in Colorado in 1998 by Steve Volk to develop a small, portable optical disc for downloadable music and other digital media. The disks stored 250 MB per side and could contain pre-recorded content, user-recorded data, or both. The format attracted industry attention, winning a CES Best of Show award in 2001, and incorporated an elaborate digital rights management system that allowed additional content to be unlocked after purchase. It was intended in part to address concerns about digital piracy that had intensified in recent years.
+Founded in November 1998 by Steve Volk, DataPlay Inc. was poised to develop a small, portable optical disc for downloadable music and other digital media(([[https://web.archive.org/web/20010612221719/http://www.dataplay.com/pdf/en/DataPlay_Overview.pdf|DataPlay — Overview Brochure]])). In preparation of serving the Asian market, DataPlay Inc. and Toshiba established a joint-venture company named Japan DataPlay Inc. in October 2000(([[https://web.archive.org/web/20260512180558/https://pc.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/article/20001019/dataplay.htm|PC WAtch — 直径32mm、両面500MBの超小型光ディスク「DataPlay」]]))(([[https://web.archive.org/web/20241105233731/https://extras.denverpost.com/business/biz1020g.htm|Denver Post — Toshiba strikes deal with Boulder's Dataplay]])). While there was some talk of DataPlay since the company's founding, the format gained public attention at CES 2001 in Las Vegas, NV. where it won a Best in Show award.
-The format launched commercially in 2002, with a limited number of pre-recorded albums released and DataPlay drives incorporated into some consumer devices. However, the business struggled as consumers resisted the format's additional content fees and competing storage technologies — particularly flash memory and rewritable media — continued to gain marketshare. DataPlay filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2002(([[https://www.worldradiohistory.com/UK/Personal-Computer-World/00s/PCW-2003-07-S-OCR.pdf|Personal Computer World, July 2003 — A recurring dream is back to haunt us (p. 44)]])) and shut down operations that October, after reportedly spending approximately $120 million during its four-year operation.
+DataPlay had secured commitments from BMG, Zomba, Universal and EMI, and the company was positioning the format heavily around prerecorded music and DRM(([[https://web.archive.org/web/20250613041516/https://www.twice.com/news/dataplay-plans-hardware-music-promo-push-33603|Twice — DataPlay Plans Hardware, Music Promo Push]])). One of the music albums promoted at CES was stated to have additional music content on the disk, but it would be encrypted and locked behind an additional paywall(([[https://archive.org/details/CC1846CES2001|CES 2001 — Archival Footage]])). The expected release date was initially April 2001, but this was delayed to Fall 2001, citing issues with production of the optical engine(([[https://web.archive.org/web/20260515101407/https://www.twice.com/news/launch-delay-dataplay-36583|Twice — Launch Delay For DataPlay]])). This target too, was missed, and the format eventually launched in 2002. A limited number of pre-recorded albums released and DataPlay drives were incorporated into some consumer devices. However, competing technologies — particularly flash memory, the CD, and portable MP3 players — continued to gain marketshare.
-The company's assets were subsequently targeted by DPHI Acquisitions Inc., a joint venture of Almon Ventures and Hexagon Investments, which offered $1.5 million to acquire the business and revive it on a smaller scale. The proposal, led by storage-industry executives Bill Almon Sr. and Bill Almon Jr., included DataPlay's intellectual property and optical storage technology. The reorganized company planned to focus on business applications and portable storage rather than the original consumer market, while retaining members of its engineering team and relationships with suppliers. DataPlay operated on a much smaller scale, pursuing licensing and niche storage applications rather than reviving the original consumer format(([[https://web.archive.org/web/20250607080213/https://www.inknowvation.com/sbir/story/data-storage-veterans-bid-bankrupt-datapla|BizWest — Data storage veterans bid on bankrupt DataPlay]])).
+DataPlay filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2002 and shut down operations that October, after reportedly spending approximately $120 million during its four-year operation. Only the 500 MB variant of the disks ever made it to market while larger capacities were planned by both DataPlay Inc. and its later owners(([[https://www.worldradiohistory.com/UK/Personal-Computer-World/00s/PCW-2003-07-S-OCR.pdf|Personal Computer World, July 2003 — A recurring dream is back to haunt us (p. 44)]])).
-===== Physical Characteristics =====
+The company's assets were subsequently targeted by DPHI Acquisitions Inc., a joint venture of Almon Ventures and Hexagon Investments, which offered $1.5 million to acquire the business in 2003 and revive it on a smaller scale. The proposal, led by storage-industry executives Bill Almon Sr. and Bill Almon Jr., included DataPlay's intellectual property and optical storage technology. The reorganized company planned to focus on business applications and portable storage rather than the original consumer market, while retaining some members of its engineering team and their relationships with suppliers.(([[https://web.archive.org/web/20250607080213/https://www.inknowvation.com/sbir/story/data-storage-veterans-bid-bankrupt-datapla|BizWest — Data storage veterans bid on bankrupt DataPlay]])).
-The 32 mm (1-1/4 inch) phase-change, optical disc was housed inside of a translucent and brightly-colored cartridge(({{https://web.archive.org/web/20250602231008/https://old.hotchips.org/wp-content/uploads/hc_archives/hc13/3_Tue/19dataplay.pdf|DataPlay — A New Technology for Information Distribution}})) with dimensions of 41 mm × 33.5 mm × 3 mm(({{wiki:docs:ieee-micro_vol-22-iss-2_dataplay-article.pdf|IEEE Micro, Vol. 22, Iss. 2 — DataPlay's Mobile Information Distribution and Storage Technology}})).
+In October 2004 during Ceatec Japan, DPHI executives stated that the format would return to the consumer market at about half of the original price-per-disk — $4.50 instead of the original $10 for 500 MB — and that new devices are in development to support the use of DataPlay disks as general storage devices, ditching the proprietary DFS for the FAT file system(([[https://web.archive.org/web/20190331213038/https://www.pcworld.com/article/118108/article.html|PC World — DataPlay Discs Stage a Comeback]])).
+===== Hardware =====
+The 32 mm (1-1/4 inch) phase-change, optical disc was housed inside of a translucent and brightly-colored cartridge(({{https://web.archive.org/web/20250602231008/https://old.hotchips.org/wp-content/uploads/hc_archives/hc13/3_Tue/19dataplay.pdf|DataPlay, a New Technology for Information Distribution}})) with dimensions of 41 mm × 33.5 mm × 3 mm(({{wiki:docs:ieee-micro_vol-22-iss-2_dataplay-article.pdf|IEEE Micro, Vol. 22, Iss. 2 — DataPlay's Mobile Information Distribution and Storage Technology}})).
+One of the only devices to feature DataPlay disks was the iMP-350 SlimX, developed by the Korean company iRiver. This player was rather expensive at ~$350 and showed off a design language reminiscent of its time; complete with translucent plastic, chrome accents, and "futuristic" aesthetic(([[https://web.archive.org/web/20191111145537/https://www.ixbt.com/multimedia/iriver-100.shtml|IXBT — MP3-плеер iRiver iDP-100 на носителях формата DataPlay]])). More manufacturers planned to produce readers and players for the format, but information about most of these models is scant.
 ===== Recording Technology =====
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 To locate a file, the drive reads system sectors starting with the most recently written one and checks whether it references the desired file. If found, that reference is used and reading stops. If not, the drive proceeds to progressively older sectors until the file is located or all sectors are exhausted. This "most recent wins" approach lets the drive present an accurate, up-to-date view of the file system — including files marked as deleted — despite the underlying inability to erase or move any data once written.
-===== Post Mortem =====
+===== Current Status =====
+Rating: **[[reference:format-death-scale#level_4_🟠_endangered|Level 4 🟠 — Endangered]]**
+As of now, there are no official channels in which to purchase DataPlay disks, readers, or players and all have been out of production for over two decades. The only eBay listings I could find for NOS disks(({{wiki:docs:ebay_307164516550_dataplay-disks.pdf|eBay — DataPlay Disk [Archive Listing]}})) and optical engines(({{wiki:docs:ebay_307164541213_dataplay-optical-engine.pdf|eBay — DataPlay Optical Engine [Archive Listing]}})) ship from Italy. I have no doubts that the disks are functional if one has a working reader, but the optical engines are bare units with only an undocumented ZIF connector, so testing them would require some electronics engineering. I have yet to see a DataPlay player or pre-recorded disk eBay, so its safe to assume they're exceedingly rare, thus making this format difficult to interface with.
+//Update:// The 21x disk packs (63x disks total) I received from this seller had moldy paper inserts. If you attempt to purchase these, be sure to have the seller send a photo before shipping.
+===== Gallery =====
+{{gallery>:hardware:dataplay}}