Introduced by Sony in 1992, MiniDisc was the most successful small-format DBEM. It was designed as a recordable replacement for the cassette tape. The cartridge measures 70 mm × 67.5 mm × 5 mm and holds a 64 mm disc¹⁾. Standard discs store 60 to 80 minutes of audio, compressed with Sony's ATRAC codec. Recordable discs use magneto-optical technology, while pre-recorded discs are stamped like a CD. MD was a major success in Japan and had a following in Europe, but it never displaced the cassette or CD in North America.